Multi-link communication method and related device

ABSTRACT

A multi-link communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes generating, by a first station, a radio frame. The first station is one of multiple stations comprised in a first multi-link device. The multiple stations comprised in the first multi-link device work on multiple links. The multiple links comprise a first link on which the first station works. The method further includes sending, on the first link by the first station, the radio frame to a second station. The radio frame includes at least two management frames. The at least two management frames are generated by at least two stations that work on different links in the first multi-link device. The second station is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-link device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/CN2020/100039, filed on Jul. 3, 2020, which claims priority toChinese Patent Application No. 201910608995.2, filed on Jul. 5, 2019.The disclosures of the aforementioned applications are herebyincorporated by reference in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates to the field of communication technologies, andin particular, to a multi-link communication method and a relateddevice.

BACKGROUND

With development of wireless technologies, a multi-link device maysupport multi-link communication. For example, the multi-link deviceperforms communication on bands of 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHzsimultaneously. Even when a number of antennas is limited, themulti-link device may perform switching on different bands, to select anoptimal band, and ensure communication quality. If two multi-linkdevices need to use an advanced feature such as a block acknowledgment(BA) or target wake time (TWT) on multiple links, a correspondingmanagement frame needs to be sent on each of the multiple links to setup a corresponding function. According to an on channel tunneling (OCT)mechanism defined in the 802.11 standard, a management frame of one linkmay be sent on another link. However, as a number of links increases, ifmanagement frames of multiple links need to be sent, sending of themanagement frames is time-consuming, and efficiency is low.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of this application provide a multi-link communicationmethod and a related device, to improve communication efficiency.

According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A first station generatesa radio frame, where the first station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a first multi-link device. The multiple stations included inthe first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include a first link on which the first station works. The firststation sends, on the first link, the radio frame to a second station,where the radio frame includes at least two management frames, the atleast two management frames are generated by at least two stations thatwork on different links in the first multi-link device, and the secondstation is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-linkdevice. One radio frame carries at least two management frames generatedby at least two stations on different links, so that communicationefficiency is improved.

According to a second aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A second station receives,on a first link, a radio frame sent by a first station, where the firststation is one of multiple stations included in a first multi-linkdevice, and the second station is one of multiple stations included in asecond multi-link device. The multiple stations included in the secondmulti-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple links includethe first link on which the second station works. The radio frameincludes at least two management frames, and the at least two managementframes are generated by at least two stations that work on differentlinks in the first multi-link device. One radio frame carries at leasttwo management frames generated by at least two stations on differentlinks, so that communication efficiency is improved.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the radioframe includes at least two pieces of link indication information, onepiece of link indication information corresponds to one managementframe, and the link indication information is used to indicate a linkcorresponding to the management frame. The link indication informationindicates a link on which a station corresponding to a management frameworks, so that each management frame can correctly apply to acorresponding link.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the linkindication information is a link information element, and the linkinformation element includes identification information of the linkcorresponding to the management frame. The identification information ofthe link includes at least one of a band identifier, a channel number,and an operating class. The identification information of the linkindicates a link on which a station corresponding to a management frameworks, so that each management frame can correctly apply to acorresponding link.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the linkindication information is a multi-band element, and the multi-bandelement includes a band identifier, a channel number, and an operatingclass. The multi-band element indicates a link on which a stationcorresponding to a management frame works, so that each management framecan correctly apply to a corresponding link.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the radioframe includes at least two cyclic redundancy check fields, one cyclicredundancy check field corresponds to one management frame, and thecyclic redundancy check field is used to check correctness of themanagement frame and the link indication information. This ensures thecorrectness of the management frame and the link indication information.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the radioframe includes first indication information, and the first indicationinformation is used to indicate a number of the at least two managementframes.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the radioframe includes second indication information, and the second indicationinformation is used to indicate a total length of the at least twomanagement frames and the at least two pieces of link indicationinformation.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, when frametypes and subtypes of the at least two management frames are the same,the at least two management frames include a 1^(st) management frame andanother management frame other than the 1^(st) management frame. The1^(st) management frame includes a first type information element and asecond type information element, and the another management frameincludes the second type information element. The first type informationelement carries common information of the at least two managementframes, and the second type information element carries uniqueinformation of each management frame. A number of information elementsin another management frame is reduced. This reduces resource overheads.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, oneinformation element includes an indication field, and the indicationfield includes a first value or a second value. The first value is usedto indicate that the information element is the first type informationelement, and the second value is used to indicate that the informationelement is the second type information element. A type of eachinformation element is determined by using the indication field, toensure that the second station can correctly receive each informationelement.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the radioframe includes a temporary starting sequence number, and the temporarystarting sequence number is used to indicate a frame sequence of the1^(st) management frame in the at least two management frames.

The temporary starting sequence number indicates that the second stationstarts, from the 1^(st) management frame, acknowledgment on whether themanagement frames are correctly received.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the firststation receives, on the first link, a response frame sent by the secondstation. The response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, and astarting sequence number field in the block acknowledgment frame is setto the temporary starting sequence number. The block acknowledgmentframe includes a block acknowledgment bitmap, and the blockacknowledgment bitmap is used to indicate that the second stationstarts, from the 1^(st) management frame, acknowledgment on whether theat least two management frames are correctly received.

In an embodiment of the first aspect or the second aspect, the secondstation sends, on the first link, a response frame to the secondstation. The response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, and astarting sequence number field in the block acknowledgment frame is setto the temporary starting sequence number. The block acknowledgmentframe includes a block acknowledgment bitmap, and the blockacknowledgment bitmap is used to indicate that the second stationstarts, from the 1^(st) management frame, acknowledgment on whether theat least two management frames are correctly received. The blockacknowledgment frame is generated by indicating the starting sequencenumber field, to determine that the management frame is correctlyreceived.

According to a third aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A first station sends, ona first link, an association request frame to a second station, wherethe first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the first station works and asecond link on which another station works. The association requestframe includes request information of the second link, and the requestinformation includes an index of the second link, an address of astation corresponding to the second link in the first multi-link device,and an identifier of a station corresponding to the second link in thesecond multi-link device. The first station receives, on the first link,an association response frame sent by the second station, where theassociation response frame includes response information of the secondlink. The response information includes the index of the second link,the address of the station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and the identifier of the station corresponding tothe second link in the second multi-link device. In this way, the firststation determines, based on the association request frame and theassociation response frame, that the first station and the secondstation set up an association relationship on the first link, and thattwo stations working on the second link set up an associationrelationship. In addition, the association request frame carries requestinformation of the multiple links, or the association response framecarries response information of the multiple links. This improvescommunication efficiency.

According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A second station receives,on a first link, an association request frame sent by a first station,where the first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the second station works and asecond link on which another station works. The association requestframe includes request information of the second link, and the requestinformation includes an index of the second link, an address of astation corresponding to the second link in the first multi-link device,and an identifier of a station corresponding to the second link in thesecond multi-link device. The second station sends, on the first link,an association response frame to the first station, where theassociation response frame includes response information of the secondlink. The response information includes the index of the second link,the address of the station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and the identifier of the station corresponding tothe second link in the second multi-link device. In this way, the firststation determines, based on the association request frame and theassociation response frame, that the first station and the secondstation set up an association relationship on the first link, and thattwo stations working on the second link set up an associationrelationship. In addition, the association request frame carries requestinformation of the multiple links, or the association response framecarries response information of the multiple links. This improvescommunication efficiency.

In an embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the responseinformation includes a listen interval, and the listen interval is usedto indicate a time interval at which the first station receives beacons.It is ensured that the first station can correctly receive the beaconsby indicating the listen interval.

In an embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, the responseinformation includes status code, and the status code is used toindicate whether the second link is successfully associated. The firststation determines, by indicating the status code, whether the links aresuccessfully associated.

In an embodiment of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, secondconfiguration information includes a capability element, and thecapability element is used to indicate a communication capability of astation corresponding to the second link in the second multi-linkdevice. This ensures that each station meets a communication capabilityrequirement.

According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A first station sends, ona first link, a block acknowledgment BA setup request frame to a secondstation, where the first station is one of multiple stations included ina first multi-link device, and the second station is one of multiplestations included in a second multi-link device. The multiple stationsincluded in the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and themultiple links include the first link on which the first station works.The BA setup request frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to request to set upa BA protocol. The first station receives, on the first link, a BA setupresponse frame sent by the second station, where the BA setup responseframe includes the identification information of the at least two links.In this way, the first station determines, based on the BA request frameand the BA setup response frame, that the BA protocol of the at leasttwo links is successfully set up. In addition, the BA request frame orthe BA setup response frame carries the identification information ofthe at least two links, so that the BA protocol of the at least twolinks can be set up simultaneously. This improves BA protocol setupefficiency, and improves transmission efficiency.

According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa multi-link communication method, including: A second station receives,on a first link, a BA setup request frame sent by a first station, wherethe first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the second multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the second station works. The BAsetup request frame includes identification information that is of atleast two links and that is used to indicate to request to set up a BAprotocol. The second station sends, on the first link, a BA setupresponse frame to the first station, where the BA setup response frameincludes the identification information of the at least two links. Thefirst station determines, based on the BA request frame and the BA setupresponse frame, that the BA protocol of the at least two links issuccessfully set up. In addition, the BA request frame or the BA setupresponse frame carries the identification information of the at leasttwo links, so that the BA protocol of the at least two links can be setup simultaneously. This improves BA protocol setup efficiency, andimproves transmission efficiency.

In an embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, theidentification information includes at least one of a band identifier, achannel number, and an operating class.

In an embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, the BA setuprequest frame includes a first parameter used to request to set up a BAprotocol, and the first parameter includes a service identifier and areference value of a buffer size. The BA setup response frame includes asecond parameter used to determine to set up the BA protocol, and thesecond parameter includes the service identifier and an acknowledgmentvalue of a buffer size.

In an embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, a transmitteraddress in the BA setup request frame is a media access control MACaddress of any station in the multiple stations in the first multi-linkdevice, and a receiver address in the BA setup request frame is a MACaddress of any station in the multiple stations in the second multi-linkdevice. A transmitter address in the BA setup response frame is a MACaddress of any station in the multiple stations in the second multi-linkdevice, and a receiver address of the BA setup response frame is a MACaddress of any station in the multiple stations in the first multi-linkdevice. MAC addresses of the multiple stations in the first multi-linkdevice are the same, and MAC addresses of the multiple stations in thesecond multi-link device are the same.

In an embodiment of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect, a transmitteraddress in the BA setup request frame is a device address of the firstmulti-link device, and a receiver address in the BA setup request frameis a device address of the second multi-link device. A transmitteraddress in the BA setup response frame is the device address of thesecond multi-link device, and a receiver address in the BA setupresponse frame is the device address of the first multi-link device.

According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of this applicationprovides a multi-link communication method, including: A first stationsends, on a first link, a TWT setup request frame to a second station,where the first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the second multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the second station works. Thefirst station receives, on the first link, a TWT setup response framesent by the second station, where the TWT setup response frame includesidentification information of at least two links. In this way, setup ofa TWT protocol is simultaneously completed on multiple links between thefirst multi-link device and the second multi-link device based on theTWT setup request frame and the TWT setup response frame, so that withina time window that is set up, multiple stations corresponding to themultiple links can remain in an active state. In addition, the TWT setuprequest frame or the TWT setup response frame carries the identificationinformation of the at least two links, so that the TWT protocol of theat least two links can be set up. This improves communicationefficiency.

According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment of this applicationprovides a multi-link communication method, including: A second stationreceives, on a first link, a TWT setup request frame sent by a firststation, where the first station is one of multiple stations included ina first multi-link device, and the second station is one of multiplestations included in a second multi-link device. The multiple stationsincluded in the second multi-link device work on multiple links, and themultiple links include the first link on which the second station works.The second station sends, on the first link, a TWT setup response frameto the first station, where the TWT setup response frame includesidentification information of at least two links. In this way, setup ofa TWT protocol is simultaneously completed on multiple links between thefirst multi-link device and the second multi-link device based on theTWT setup request frame and the TWT setup response frame, so that withina time window that is set up, multiple stations corresponding to themultiple links can remain in an active state. In addition, the TWT setuprequest frame or the TWT setup response frame carries the identificationinformation of the at least two links, so that the TWT protocol of theat least two links can be set up. This improves communicationefficiency.

According to a ninth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa first multi-link communication apparatus. The first multi-linkcommunication apparatus is configured to implement the methods and thefunctions performed by the first multi-link device in the first aspect,the third aspect, the fifth aspect, and the seventh aspect, and isimplemented by hardware/software. The hardware/software of the firstmulti-link communication apparatus includes modules corresponding to theforegoing functions.

According to a tenth aspect, an embodiment of this application providesa second multi-link communication apparatus. The second multi-linkdevice is configured to implement the methods and the functionsperformed by the second multi-link device in the second aspect, thefourth aspect, the sixth aspect, and the eighth aspect, and isimplemented by hardware/software.

The hardware/software of the second multi-link communication apparatusincludes modules corresponding to the foregoing functions.

According to an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of this applicationprovides a first multi-link device, including a processor, a memory, anda communication bus. The communication bus is configured to implementconnection and communication between the processor and the memory. Theprocessor executes a program stored in the memory to implement the stepsof the first aspect, the third aspect, the fifth aspect, and the seventhaspect.

In an embodiment, the first multi-link device provided in thisapplication may include a corresponding module configured to perform anaction of the first entity in the foregoing method designs. The modulemay be software and/or hardware.

According to a twelfth aspect, an embodiment of this applicationprovides a second multi-link device, including a processor, a memory,and a communication bus. The communication bus is configured toimplement connection and communication between the processor and thememory. The processor executes a program stored in the memory toimplement the steps provided in the second aspect, the fourth aspect,the sixth aspect, and the eighth aspect.

In an embodiment, the second multi-link device provided in thisapplication may include a corresponding module configured to perform anaction of the first multi-link device in the foregoing method designs.The module may be software and/or hardware.

According to a thirteenth aspect, this application provides acomputer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage mediumstores instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, thecomputer is enabled to perform the methods in the foregoing aspects.

According to a fourteenth aspect, this application provides a computerprogram product including instructions. When the computer programproduct runs on a computer, the computer is enabled to perform themethods in the foregoing aspects.

According to a fifteenth aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes aprocessor, configured to invoke instructions from a memory and run theinstructions stored in the memory, so that a communication device onwhich the chip is installed performs the method according to any one ofthe foregoing aspects.

According to a sixteenth aspect, an embodiment of this applicationfurther provides another chip. The chip may be a chip in a firstmulti-link device or a second multi-link device. The chip includes aninput interface, an output interface, and a processing circuit. Theinput interface, the output interface, and the circuit are connected toeach other through an internal connection path. The processing circuitis configured to perform the method according to any one of theforegoing aspects.

According to a seventeenth aspect, another chip is provided. The chipincludes an input interface, an output interface, and a processor.Optionally, the chip further includes a memory. The input interface, theoutput interface, the processor, and the memory are connected to eachother through an internal connection path. The processor is configuredto execute code in the memory. When the code is executed, the processoris configured to perform the method according to any one of theforegoing aspects.

According to an eighteenth aspect, an apparatus is provided. Theapparatus is configured to implement the method in any one of theforegoing aspects.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

To describe technical solutions in embodiments of this application or inthe background more clearly, the following briefly describes theaccompanying drawings for describing the embodiments of this applicationor the background.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system according to an embodimentof this application;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of setting up an association relationship betweenmulti-link devices according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of sending a management frame according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a radio frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a frame body field according to an embodiment ofthis application;

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an on channel tunneling management MAC protocoldata unit (OCT MMPDU) according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a multi-band element according to an embodimentof this application;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of another frame body field according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 10 is a diagram of another frame body field according to anembodiment of this application;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of a multi-link element of a second link in anassociation request frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 13 is a diagram of a multi-link element of a second link in anassociation response frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 15 is a diagram of a BA setup request frame or a BA setup responseframe according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application;

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a TWT setup request frame or a TWT setupresponse frame according to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 18 is a diagram of a first multi-link communication apparatusaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 19 is a diagram of a second multi-link communication apparatusaccording to an embodiment of this application;

FIG. 20 is a diagram of a first multi-link device according to anembodiment of this application; and

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a second multi-link device according to anembodiment of this application.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The following describes embodiments of this application with referenceto the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system according to an embodimentof this application. The communication system includes an access pointdevice and a station device. A multi-link device in embodiments of thisapplication may be a station device, or may be an access point device.If the multi-link device is the access point device, the multi-linkdevice includes one or more access points (APs), and if the multi-linkdevice is the station device, the multi-link device includes one or morestations (STAs). The AP may be an access point used by a mobile user toaccess a wired network, and is mainly deployed inside a house, abuilding, and a campus, with a typical coverage radius of tens of metersto hundreds of meters. Certainly, the AP may also be deployed outdoors.The AP is equivalent to a bridge that connects the wired network and awireless network. A main function of the AP is to connect wirelessnetwork clients together, and then connect the wireless network to theEthernet. The AP may be a terminal device or a network device with awireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) chip. The AP may be a device that supports the802.11ax standard. Alternatively, the AP may be a device that supportsmultiple wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as 802.11ac,802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a. The STA may be a wirelesscommunication chip, a wireless sensor, or a wireless communicationterminal. For example, the STA may be a mobile phone that supports aWi-Fi communication function, a tablet computer that supports a Wi-Ficommunication function, a set top box that supports a Wi-Ficommunication function, a smart television that supports a Wi-Ficommunication function, a smart wearable device that supports a Wi-Ficommunication function, a vehicle-mounted communication device thatsupports a Wi-Fi communication function, or a computer that supports aWi-Fi communication function. Optionally, the STA may support the802.11ax standard. The STA may also support multiple WLAN standards suchas 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of setting up an association relationship betweenmulti-link devices according to an embodiment of this application. Themulti-link devices shown in FIG. 2 include a first multi-link device anda second multi-link device. The first multi-link device and the secondmulti-link device may be station devices. Each multi-link device mayinclude multiple stations, and the multiple stations may work ondifferent bands. In this case, the multi-link device may also bereferred to as a multi-band device. Alternatively, the multiple stationsmay work on different channels in a same band. The first multi-linkdevice and the second multi-link device may alternatively be accesspoint devices, which are similar to the station device, and details arenot described herein again. If the first multi-link device needs tocommunicate with the second multi-link device, each station in the firstmulti-link device needs to be associated with a corresponding station inthe second multi-link device. As shown in FIG. 2, a STA 1 in the firstmulti-link device and a STA 1 in the second multi-link device areassociated, and work on a link 1. A STA 2 in the first multi-link deviceand a STA 2 in the second multi-link device are associated, and work ona link 2. A STA n in the first multi-link device and a STA n in thesecond multi-link device are associated, and work on a link n. In thisway, each station in the first multi-link device may set up a connectionto a corresponding station in the second multi-link device on arespective link. This implements multi-link communication between thetwo multi-link devices.

After the multiple stations of the first multi-link device set upassociation relationships with the multiple stations of the secondmulti-link device, if the two multi-link devices need to use an advancefeature such as a block acknowledgment (BA) or target wake time (TWT) onmultiple links, a corresponding management frame needs to be sent oneach of the multiple links to set up a corresponding function.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of sending a management frame according to anembodiment of this application. The 802.11 standard defines an onchannel tunneling (OCT) mechanism. The OCT mechanism may be applied to amulti-link device. Each multi-link device includes at least two STAs,and the at least two STAs work on different bands. A first multi-linkdevice shown in FIG. 3 includes a first STA and a second STA, and asecond multi-link device also includes a first STA and a second STA. Thefirst STA of the first multi-link device and the first STA of the secondmulti-link device work on a same band to form one link, and the secondSTA of the first multi-link device and the second STA of the secondmulti-link device work on a same band to form another link. The secondSTA in the first multi-link device generates a management MAC protocoldata unit (MMPDU), which may also be referred to as a management frame.The first STA sends an OCT request frame on the band on which the firstSTA works, where the OCT request frame carries the MMPDU generated bythe second STA, and the MMPDU may be referred to as an OCT MMPDU. It canbe learned from the foregoing process that the multi-link device maysend a management frame of one link on another link. However, as anumber of links increases, if management frames on multiple links needto be sent, sending of the management frames is time-consuming, andefficiency is low. To resolve the foregoing technical problem, theembodiments of this application provide the following solutions.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application. This embodiment of this applicationincludes at least the following steps.

S401: A first station generates a radio frame, where the first stationis one of multiple stations included in a first multi-link device. Themultiple stations included in the first multi-link device work onmultiple links, and the multiple links include a first link on which thefirst station works.

It should be noted that a link is determined based on a band on which astation works, or a band and a channel on which a station works. Oneband may include multiple channels. If the multiple stations work ondifferent bands, the multiple stations work on different links.Alternatively, if the multiple stations work on a same band but ondifferent channels, the multiple stations also work on different links.

S402: The first station sends, on the first link, the radio frame to asecond station, and the second station receives, on the first link, theradio frame sent by the first station. The second station is one ofmultiple stations included in a second multi-link device.

S403: The second station sends, on the first link, a response frame tothe first station. The first station receives, on the first link, theresponse frame sent by the second station. The response frame is a blockacknowledgment (BA) frame or a response frame (ACK) frame in response tothe radio frame.

Optionally, the at least two management frames are generated by at leasttwo stations that work on different links in the first multi-linkdevice, or may be generated by a same station on different links. The atleast two management frames may be generated by the first station in thefirst multi-link device, or may be generated by another station in thefirst multi-link device, or may be jointly generated by the firststation and another station in the first multi-link device.

Optionally, the at least two management frames may be an associationrequest frame, an association response frame, an authentication frame, ablock acknowledgment communication mechanism (add block acknowledgment,ADDBA) request frame, an ADDBA response frame, a TWT request frame, aTWT response frame, and the like.

The radio frame may carry at least two management frames, and the radioframe may be referred to as an on-channel multiple tunneling (OCMT)request frame. If each of the at least two management frames aregenerated by another station in the first multi-link device other thanthe first station, the at least two management frames may be referred toas OCT MMPDUs. If the at least two management frames include amanagement frame generated by the first station, the at least twomanagement frames may be referred to as MMPDUs directly. The radio frameincludes a frame header and a frame body. Optionally, the frame body ofthe radio frame includes at least two pieces of link indicationinformation and the at least two management frames, one piece of linkindication information corresponds to one management frame, and the linkindication information is used to indicate a link corresponding to themanagement frame. In an example, the link indication information is alink information element, the link information element includesidentification information of the link corresponding to the managementframe, and the identification information of the link includes at leastone of a band identifier, a channel number, and an operating class. Inanother example, the link indication information is a multi-bandelement, and the multi-band element includes a band identifier, achannel number, and an operating class.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a radio frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication. The radio frame may include a frame control field, a frameduration field, a receiver address (RA) field, a transmitter address(TA) field, and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field, a sequencecontrol field, a high throughput (HT) control field, a frame body field,and a frame check sequence (FCS) field. The frame control field includesa type field and a subtype field. If the radio frame is an action frameof an extremely high throughput (EHT) type, a value of type in the framecontrol field is 0, indicating a management frame, and a value ofsubtype is 13, indicating an action frame. EHT indicates a nextgeneration standard of 802.11ax, such as 802.11be. It should be notedthat the radio frame shown in FIG. 5 is merely an example. Certainly,the radio frame may further include other fields. The radio frame mayfurther include only some fields shown in FIG. 5. Locations of thefields may also be adjusted based on a design requirement.

Optionally, the radio frame may include at least two management frames.The at least two management frames are generated by at least twostations that work on different links in the first multi-link device.FIG. 6 is a diagram of a frame body field according to an embodiment ofthis application. A frame body field of the radio frame includes atleast two OCT MMPDUs, and the at least two OCT MMPDUs are generated byat least two stations that work on different links in the firstmulti-link device. FIG. 7 is a diagram of an on channel tunnelingmanagement MAC protocol data unit (OCT MMPDU) according to an embodimentof this application. Each OCT MMPDU may include an MMPDU length field,an MMPDU frame control field, and an MMPDU frame body field.

Optionally, the frame body field of the radio frame may further includeat least two pieces of link indication information, one piece of linkindication information corresponds to one management frame, and the linkindication information is used to indicate a link corresponding to themanagement frame. The link indication information may be one or twomulti-band elements, and the multi-band element may also be referred toas a multi-link element. One OCT MMPDU may correspond to one multi-bandelement. For example, a combination thereof is a <OCT MMPDU, multi-bandelement> field. The multi-band element is used to indicate a band onwhich the station generating the corresponding OCT MMPDU in the firstmulti-link device works, or indicate a band and a channel on which thestation generating the corresponding OCT MMPDU in the first multi-linkdevice works. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, one OCT MMPDU mayalternatively correspond to two multi-band elements, where onemulti-band element is carried in a multi-link, and the other multi-bandelement is carried in a multi-link source element. The multi-bandelement carried in the multi-band field is used to identify a MAC layermanagement entity (MLME) of a receive end of the OCT MMPDU. Themulti-band element carried in the multi-band source element is used toidentify a MAC layer management entity of a generation end of the OCTMMPDU. The description of the multi-link source element is alsoapplicable to other embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of a multi-band element according to an embodimentof this application. The multi-band element may include but is notlimited to a band identifier (band ID) field, a channel number field,and an operating class field. The multi-band element may further includean element identifier (element ID) field, a length field, a multi-bandcontrol field, a beacon interval field, and the like.

In still another example, the link indication information may be a linkinformation element, and a number of link information elements is thesame as a number of OCT MMPDUs. One link information element correspondsto one OCT MMPDU. For example, a combination thereof is a <OCT MMPDU,link information element> field. The link information element includesidentification information of the link corresponding to the managementframe, and the identification information of the link includes at leastone of a band identifier, a channel number, and an operating class.

Optionally, the frame body field of the radio frame may further includea category field, and a value of the category field is used to indicatethat a next field is an EHT action frame. A value of the EHT actionfield is used to indicate that the radio frame is an OCMT request.

Optionally, the frame body field of the radio frame may further includefirst indication information, and the first indication information isused to indicate a number of the at least two management frames (numberof OCT MMPDUs). Alternatively, the radio frame includes secondindication information, and the second indication information is used toindicate a total length of the at least two management frames and the atleast two pieces of link indication information. FIG. 9 is a diagram ofanother frame body field according to an embodiment of this application.The frame body field includes a total length field, and other fieldsincluded in the frame body field are the same as fields in the framebody field shown in FIG. 6.

Optionally, the frame body field of the radio frame may include at leasttwo cyclic redundancy check (CRC) fields, one cyclic redundancy checkfield corresponds to one management frame, and the cyclic redundancycheck field is used to check correctness of the management frame and thelink indication information. FIG. 10 is a diagram of another frame bodyfield according to an embodiment of this application. The frame bodyfield of the radio frame may include an OCT MMPDU and a multi-bandelement, and may further include a CRC field. For example, a combinationthereof is a <OCT MMPDU, multi-band element, CRC> field. Optionally, theframe body field of the radio frame may further include a temporarystarting sequence number field, and the temporary starting sequencenumber is used to indicate a frame sequence of a 1^(st) management framein the at least two management frames.

Optionally, when frame types and subtypes of the at least two managementframes are the same, the at least two management frames include the1^(st) management frame and another management frame other than the1^(st) management frame. The 1^(st) management frame includes a firsttype information element (IE) and a second type information element, theanother management frame includes the second type information element,the first type information element carries common information of the atleast two management frames, and the second type information elementcarries unique information of each management frame.

For example, the frame body field of the radio frame includes twomanagement frames, a 1^(st) management frame includes 20 informationelements, and a 2^(nd) management frame also includes 20 informationelements. The first 10 information elements in the 1^(st) managementframe and the first 10 information elements in the 2^(nd) managementframe are the same, and are common information of the 1^(st) managementframe and the 2^(nd) management frame. Therefore, the first 10information elements in the 1^(st) management frame and the first 10information elements in the 2^(nd) management frame are first typeinformation elements. The last 10 information elements in the 1^(st)management frame and the last 10 information elements in the 2^(nd)management frame are different, and are unique information of each ofthe 1^(st) management frame and the 2^(nd) management frame. Therefore,the last 10 information elements in the 1^(st) management frame and thelast 10 information elements in the 2^(nd) management frame are secondtype information elements. In this embodiment of this application, thetwo management frames may be optimized, to reduce transmissionoverheads. Common information in the management frames is placed in the1^(st) management frame, and another management frame carries onlyunique information of each management frame. In an implementation, the1^(st) management frame includes first type information elements andsecond type information elements, the first type information elementsare the first 10 information elements in the 1^(st) management frame,and the second type information elements are the last 10 informationelements in the 1^(st) management frame. The 2^(nd) management frameincludes only second type information elements, and the second typeinformation elements are the last 10 information elements in the 2^(nd)management frame. The second station of the second multi-link device mayfirst receive the 1^(st) management frame, then receive the 2^(nd)management frame, and add the first 10 information elements of the1^(st) management frame to the 2^(nd) management frame. In this way, thesecond station may obtain all 20 information elements, to obtaincomplete information.

Further, one information element includes an indication field, theindication field includes a first value or a second value, the firstvalue is used to indicate that the information element is the first typeinformation element, and the second value is used to indicate that theinformation element is the second type information element.Alternatively, the first value is used to indicate that the informationelement is the second type information element, and the second value isused to indicate that the information element is the first typeinformation element. The indication field may be an element identifier(element ID) of each information element. Optionally, when the framebody field of the radio frame includes the temporary starting sequencenumber, the second station may reply with a block acknowledgment frame,where a starting sequence number field in the block acknowledgment frameis set to the temporary starting sequence number. The second station maystart, from the 1^(st) management frame, acknowledgment on whether theat least two management frames are correctly received. The secondstation sequentially determines the at least two management frames, anda bitmap is finally formed. A 1^(st) bit in the bitmap is used toindicate whether the 1^(st) management frame in the radio frame iscorrectly received, and other bits indicate whether the 2^(nd)management frame, a 3^(rd) management frame, . . . , and an N^(th)management frame are correct. In addition, the frame body of the radioframe may not include the temporary starting sequence number field. Whenreplying with the block acknowledgment frame, the second station may setthe starting sequence number field in the block acknowledgment frame toa predefined value or any value, and start, from the predefined value orthe any value, acknowledgment on whether the management frames arecorrectly received.

In this embodiment of this application, one radio frame carries at leasttwo management frames generated by at least two stations on differentlinks. In this way, management frames of multiple links are sent. Thisreduces a delay, and improves communication efficiency.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application. This embodiment of this applicationincludes at least the following steps.

S1101: A first station sends, on a first link, an association requestframe to a second station. The second station receives, on the firstlink, the association request frame sent by the first station. The firststation is one of multiple stations included in a first multi-linkdevice, and the second station is one of multiple stations included in asecond multi-link device. The multiple stations included in the firstmulti-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple links includethe first link on which the first station and the second station workand a second link on which another station works.

S1102: The second station sends, on the first link, an associationresponse frame to the first station. The first station receives, on thefirst link, the association response frame sent by the second station.

The association request frame is a management frame generated by thefirst station, the association request frame includes requestinformation of at least two links, and the request information of the atleast two links is generated by at least two stations that work ondifferent links in the first multi-link device. Further, the requestinformation of the at least two links may be jointly generated by thefirst station corresponding to the first link in the first multi-linkdevice and another station corresponding to the second link and in thefirst multi-link device. Because the association request frame istransmitted on the first link, the first link is a transmission link,and the second link is a non-transmission link.

The association request frame includes a multi-link element of the firstlink, and the multi-link element of the first link is generated by thefirst station corresponding to the first link in the first multi-linkdevice. The multi-link element of the first link includes requestinformation of the first link, and the request information of the firstlink may include an index of the first link, an address of the firststation corresponding to the first link in the first multi-link device,and an identifier of a second station corresponding to the first link inthe second multi-link device.

In this embodiment of this application, a multi-link element of thesecond link is newly added to the association request frame, and themulti-link element of the second link is generated by a stationcorresponding to the second link in the first multi-link device. Thesecond link may be one or more links in the multiple links other thanthe first link.

FIG. 12 is a diagram of the multi-link element of the second link in theassociation request frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication. The multi-link element of the second link includes aninformation element identifier (element ID) field, a length field, anextended information element identifier (element ID Extension) field, anumber of links field, and an optional sub-element field. The number oflinks is used to indicate a number of links on which a station in thefirst multi-link device sets up an association relationship with astation in the second multi-link device.

As shown in FIG. 12, the optional sub-element may include one or morenon-transmitted link profiles, namely, response information of one ormore pieces of second links. The non-transmitted link profiles may beidentified by using a predefined value, for example, 0. Onenon-transmitted link profile may include N information elements, and Nis an integer greater than or equal to 1. A 1^(st) information elementis a newly defined information element, and is used to identify thenon-transmitted link profile. A 2^(nd) information element to an N^(th)information element are corresponding information elements that indicatea change in content in an information element list of the first link(transmission link). Further, the 1^(st) information element may includea link index field of the second link, an address of station (STA'saddress) field, and a basic service set (BSS) identifier (BSSID), wherethe station corresponds to the second link in the first multi-linkdevice, and the station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device expects to be associated with the basic service set.The request information of the second link may further include aninformation element identifier (element ID) field, a length field, andan extended information element identifier (element ID extension) fieldthat are of a multi-link index element.

Optionally, the multi-link element of the first link may include aninformation element (IE) corresponding to the first link, and thenon-transmitted link profile in the multi-link element of the secondlink may include an information element corresponding to the secondlink. The information element corresponding to the first link includes afirst type information element and a second type information element,and the information element corresponding to the second link includesonly the second type information element. The first type informationelement carries common information of the information elementcorresponding to the first link and the information elementcorresponding to the second link. The second type information elementcarries unique information of each of the information elementcorresponding to the first link and the information elementcorresponding to the second link. The second station of the secondmulti-link device may first receive the information elementcorresponding to the first link, then receive the information elementcorresponding to the second link, and then add the same commoninformation to the information element corresponding to the second link,to obtain all information elements of the non-transmission link.

Optionally, the non-transmitted link profile may further include anon-transmitted BSSID capability element, and the capability element isused to indicate a communication capability of the station correspondingto the second link in the first multi-link device. The stationcorresponding to the second link in the first multi-link device may be adirectional multiple-gigabit station (DMG STA), which is also a type ofhigh-frequency station.

Optionally, a service set identifier (SSID) and an associationidentifier (AID) of the second link are the same as an SSID and an AIDof the first link.

The association response frame is a management frame generated by thesecond station, the association response frame includes responseinformation of at least two links, and the response information of theat least two links is generated by at least two stations that work ondifferent links in the second multi-link device. Further, the responseinformation of the at least two links may be jointly generated by thesecond station corresponding to the first link in the second multi-linkdevice and another station corresponding to the second link in thesecond multi-link device.

The association response frame includes response information of thesecond link, and the response information includes an index of thesecond link, an address of the station corresponding to the second linkin the first multi-link device, and an identifier of the stationcorresponding to the second link in the second multi-link device. Theresponse information of the second link may include a listen intervalfield, and the listen interval is used to indicate a time interval atwhich the first station receives beacons. The non-transmitted linkprofile may further include a status code field, and the status code isused to indicate whether the second link is successfully associated.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of a multi-link element of the second link in theassociation response frame according to an embodiment of thisapplication. A frame structure of the association response frame issimilar to a frame structure of the association request frame. Forcontent and functions of elements or fields included in the associationresponse frame, refer to content and functions of elements or fieldsincluded in the foregoing association request frame. Details are notdescribed again in this embodiment of this application.

In this embodiment of this application, the first station may determine,based on the association request frame and the association responseframe, that the first station and the second station set up anassociation relationship on the first link, and that two stationsworking on the second link set up an association relationship. Inaddition, the association request frame carries request information ofmultiple links, or the association response frame carries responseinformation of multiple links, so that association relationships of themultiple links can be set up simultaneously. This improves communicationefficiency. In this embodiment of this application, the first stationsets up a BA protocol with the second station, and the BA protocol thatis set up may be used for communication between the multiple stations inthe multi-link device in which the first station is located and themultiple stations in the multi-link device in which the second stationis located. The communication may be multi-link aggregationcommunication.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application. This embodiment of this applicationincludes at least the following steps.

S1401: A first station sends, on a first link, a block acknowledgment BAsetup request frame to a second station. The second station receives, onthe first link, the BA setup request frame sent by the first station.The first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the first station and the secondstation work.

S1402: The second station sends, on the first link, a BA setup responseframe to the first station. The first station receives, on the firstlink, the BA setup response frame sent by the second station, where theBA setup response frame includes identification information of at leasttwo links.

The BA setup request frame includes the identification information thatis of the at least two links and that is used to indicate to request toset up a BA protocol. The identification information of the at least twolinks may include identification information of the first link andidentification information of one or more second links in the multiplelinks. The identification information of the at least two links mayalternatively include identification information of multiple secondlinks in the multiple links other than the first link. Theidentification information includes at least one of a band identifier, achannel number, and an operating class.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of the BA setup request frame or the BA setupresponse frame according to an embodiment of this application. The BAsetup request frame may include a category field, a block acknowledgmentaction (block ACK action) field, a dialog token field, a blockacknowledgment parameter set (block ACK parameter set) field, a blockacknowledgment timeout value (block ACK timeout value) field, a blockacknowledgment starting sequence control (block ACK starting sequencecontrol) field, and a multi-link element field. The dialog token is usedto identify the BA setup request frame, the block acknowledgmentparameter set is parameters of the BA protocol, and the blockacknowledgment timeout value is used to indicate a time period forsetting up the BA protocol. The multi-link element may also be referredto as a multi-band element.

It should be noted that the BA setup request frame may include amulti-link element of one second link other than the first link in themultiple links. In this case, the BA protocol may be applied to thefirst link and the second link. The BA setup request frame mayalternatively include multi-link elements of multiple second links inthe multiple links other than the first link. In this case, the BAprotocol may be applied to the first link and the multiple second links,or may be applied to only the multiple second links. Certainly, the BAsetup request frame may alternatively include a multi-link element ofthe first link and multi-link elements of multiple second links. Forexample, when the BA setup request frame includes multi-link elements ofthe first link, the second link, . . . , and an N^(th) link, the BAprotocol that is set up may be used for communication on the first link,the second link, . . . , and the N^(th) link, or may be used foraggregation communication on multiple links of the first link, thesecond link, . . . , and the N^(th) link. In this case, the multiplelinks share a same BA protocol.

Optionally, one multi-link element may include indication information,and the indication information is used to indicate to set up a BAprotocol on a link corresponding to the multi-link element. If themulti-link element does not carry the indication information, the BAprotocol may alternatively be set up on the link corresponding to themulti-link element by default.

The BA setup request frame may include a first parameter used to requestto set up a BA protocol, and the first parameter includes a serviceidentifier and a reference value of a buffer size. The BA protocol maybe uniquely identified by a triplet <transmitter address (TA), receiveraddress (RA), service identifier>, and the triplet is carried in a frameheader part of the BA setup request frame. MAC addresses of the multiplestations in the first multi-link device may be set to a same value, andMAC addresses of the multiple stations in the second multi-link devicemay also be set to a same value. The transmitter address in the BA setuprequest frame is a media access control MAC address of any station inthe multiple stations in the first multi-link device, and the receiveraddress in the BA setup request frame is a MAC address of any station inthe multiple stations in the second multi-link device. The MAC addressesof the multiple stations in the first multi-link device are the same,and the MAC addresses of the multiple stations in the second multi-linkdevice are the same.

Optionally, when MAC addresses of multiple stations in the firstmulti-link device and the second multi-link device are all different, adevice address of the first multi-link device and a device address ofthe second multi-link device need to be defined. The device addressesmay be multi-link logical entity addresses, and the device addresses maybe known in advance by the multiple stations in the first multi-linkdevice, or known in advance by the multiple stations in the secondmulti-link device. A station in the first multi-link device may send thedevice address of the first multi-link device to a station in the secondmulti-link device, and a station in the second multi-link device maysend the device address of the second multi-link device to a station inthe first multi-link device. The transmitter address in the BA setuprequest frame is the device address of the first multi-link device, andthe receiver address in the BA setup request frame is the device addressof the second multi-link device.

When the MAC addresses of the multiple stations in the first multi-linkdevice and the second multi-link device are all different, a MAC addressof the first station may be carried in the transmitter address in theframe header part of the BA setup request frame, and the deviceaddresses are carried in a frame body in the BA setup request frame.When sending the BA setup request frame, the first multi-link deviceuses the device address of the first multi-link device as thetransmitter address of the BA setup request frame, and uses the deviceaddress of the second multi-link device as the receiver address of theBA setup request frame. Alternatively, the transmitter address in theframe header part of the BA setup request frame may be set to the deviceaddress of the first multi-link device, and the receiver address may beset to the device address of the second multi-link device.

Optionally, the first multi-link device may send the device address ofthe first multi-link device to the second multi-link device by using aprobe request frame, an association request frame, and a re-associationrequest frame. The second multi-link device may send the device addressof the second multi-link device to the first multi-link device by usinga beacon frame, a probe response frame, an association response frame,and a re-association response frame. Therefore, the first multi-linkdevice or the second multi-link device learns the device address of thefirst multi-link device and the device address of the second multi-linkdevice.

The BA setup response frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to determine to setup a BA protocol. The identification information of the at least twolinks may include identification information of the first link in themultiple links and identification information of the second link in themultiple links. The identification information of the at least two linksmay alternatively include identification information of multiple secondlinks in the multiple links other than the first link. Theidentification information includes at least one of a band identifier, achannel number, and an operating class.

Optionally, the BA setup response frame may include a second parameterused to determine to set up the BA protocol, and the second parameterincludes the service identifier and an acknowledgment value of thebuffer size. Optionally, a transmitter address in the BA setup responseframe is a MAC address of any station in the multiple stations in thesecond multi-link device, and a receiver address of the BA setupresponse frame is a MAC address of any station in the multiple stationsin the first multi-link device. The MAC addresses of the multiplestations in the first multi-link device are the same, and the MACaddresses of the multiple stations in the second multi-link device arethe same. Optionally, the transmitter address in the BA setup responseframe is the device address of the second multi-link device, and thereceiver address in the BA setup response frame is the device address ofthe first multi-link device.

It should be noted that the BA setup response frame may include amulti-link element of one second link other than the first link in themultiple links. In this case, the BA protocol may be applied to thefirst link and the second link. The BA setup response frame mayalternatively include multi-link elements of multiple second links inthe multiple links other than the first link. In this case, the BAprotocol may be applied to the first link and the multiple second links,or may be applied to only the multiple second links. Certainly, the BAsetup response frame may alternatively include a multi-link element ofthe first link and multi-link elements of multiple second links.

Optionally, when the MAC addresses of the multiple stations in the firstmulti-link device and the second multi-link device are all different,the transmitter address in the BA setup response frame is the deviceaddress of the second multi-link device, and the receiver address in theBA setup response frame is the device address of the first multi-linkdevice.

Optionally, when the MAC addresses of the multiple stations in the firstmulti-link device and the second multi-link device are all different, aMAC address of the second station may be carried in the transmitteraddress in a frame header part of the BA setup response frame, and thedevice addresses are carried in a frame body in the BA setup responseframe. When sending the BA setup response frame, the second multi-linkdevice uses the device address of the second multi-link device as thetransmitter address of the BA setup response frame, and uses the deviceaddress of the first multi-link device as the receiver address of the BAsetup response frame. Alternatively, the transmitter address in theframe header part of the BA setup response frame may be set to thedevice address of the second multi-link device, and the receiver addressmay be set to the device address of the first multi-link device.

The BA setup response frame corresponds to the BA setup request frame.

A frame structure of the BA setup response frame is similar to a framestructure of the BA setup request frame. For content and functions ofelements or fields included in the BA setup response frame, refer tocontent and functions of elements or fields included in the foregoing BAsetup request frame. Details are not described again in this embodimentof this application.

Optionally, after the BA protocol of the at least two links issuccessfully set up, the first station may send, on the first link, a BAdeletion (DELBA) request frame to the second station, and the secondstation receives, on the first link, the BA deletion request frame sentby the first station. The BA deletion request frame may includeidentification information that is of at least two links and thatindicates to request to delete the BA protocol. Then, the second stationsends, on the first link, a BA deletion response frame to the firststation, and the first station may receive, on the first link, the BAdeletion response frame sent by the second station, where the BAdeletion response frame includes the identification information that isof the at least two links and that is used to determine to delete the BAprotocol. One implementation is similar to the foregoing method forsetting up the BA protocol, and details are not described in thisembodiment of this application.

In this embodiment of this application, the first station determines,based on the BA request frame and the BA setup response frame, that theBA protocol of the at least two links is successfully set up. Inaddition, the BA request frame or the BA setup response frame carriesthe identification information of the at least two links, so that the BAprotocol of the at least two links can be set up simultaneously. Thisimproves BA protocol setup efficiency, and improves transmissionefficiency.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a multi-link communication method according toan embodiment of this application. This embodiment of this applicationincludes at least the following steps.

S1601: A first station sends, on a first link, a TWT setup request frameto a second station. The second station receives, on the first link, theTWT setup request frame sent by the first station, where the firststation is one of multiple stations included in a first multi-linkdevice, the second station is one of multiple stations included in asecond multi-link device, the multiple stations included in the secondmulti-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple links includethe first link on which the second station works.

S1602: The second station sends, on the first link, a TWT setup responseframe to the first station. The first station receives, on the firstlink, the TWT setup response frame sent by the second station, where theTWT setup response frame includes identification information of at leasttwo links.

The TWT setup request frame includes the identification information thatis of the at least two links and that is used to indicate to request toset up a TWT protocol. The identification information of the at leasttwo links may include identification information of the first link andidentification information of one or more second links in the multiplelinks. The identification information of the at least two links mayalternatively include identification information of multiple secondlinks in the multiple links other than the first link. Theidentification information includes at least one of a band identifier, achannel number, and an operating class.

The TWT setup response frame includes the identification informationthat is of the at least two links and that is used to indicate todetermine to set up the TWT protocol. The identification information ofthe at least two links may include identification information of thefirst link in the multiple links and identification information of thesecond link in the multiple links. The identification information of theat least two links may alternatively include identification informationof multiple second links in the multiple links other than the firstlink. The identification information includes at least one of a bandidentifier, a channel number, and an operating class.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of the TWT setup request frame or the TWT setupresponse frame according to an embodiment of this application. The TWTsetup request frame may include a TWT element, and the TWT element mayinclude a multi-link element of one second link other than the firstlink in the multiple links. In this case, the TWT protocol may beapplied to the first link and the second link. The TWT element mayalternatively include multi-link elements of multiple second links inthe multiple links other than the first link. In this case, the TWTprotocol may be applied to the first link and the multiple second links,or may be applied to only the multiple second links. Certainly, the TWTelement may alternatively include a multi-link element of the first linkand multi-link elements of multiple second links.

The TWT setup response frame corresponds to information included in theTWT setup request frame. A frame structure of the TWT setup responseframe is similar to a frame structure of the TWT setup request frame.For content and functions of elements or fields included in the TWTsetup response frame, refer to content and functions of elements orfields included in the foregoing TWT setup request frame. Details arenot described again in this embodiment of this application.

Finally, the first station may determine, based on the TWT request frameand the TWT setup response frame, that the TWT protocol of the at leasttwo links is successfully set up. In this way, setup of a TWT protocolis simultaneously completed on multiple links between the firstmulti-link device and the second multi-link device, so that within atime window that is set up, multiple stations corresponding to themultiple links can remain in an active state. This embodiment of thisapplication is similar to the foregoing embodiments, and details are notdescribed again in this embodiment of this application.

In actual application, the foregoing several embodiments may beindependently performed, or may be associated with each other, and maybe performed in a sequence of communication processes. For example, anassociation relationship may be first set up between the firstmulti-link device and the second multi-link device, then a BA protocolis set up, and finally a TWT protocol is set up. In the foregoingcommunication manner of the management frame, the associationrelationship, the BA protocol, and the TWT protocol are set up betweenthe first multi-link device and the second multi-link device.

The foregoing describes in detail the methods in the embodiments of thisapplication. The following provides apparatuses in the embodiments ofthis application.

FIG. 18 is a diagram of a first multi-link communication apparatusaccording to an embodiment of this application. The first multi-linkcommunication apparatus may be configured to implement any method andfunction related to the first multi-link communication apparatus in anyof the foregoing embodiments. The first multi-link communicationapparatus may include a generation module 1801, a sending module 1802,and a receiving module 1803. Optionally, the generation module 1801, thesending module 1802, and the receiving module 1803 may be modules in thefirst station, and the sending module 1802 and the receiving module 1803are respectively corresponding to one baseband circuit and one radiofrequency circuit included in the first station. Detailed descriptionsof the modules are as follows.

In an embodiment:

The generation module 1801 is configured to generate a radio frame via afirst station, where the first station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a first multi-link device.

The multiple stations included in the first multi-link device work onmultiple links, and the multiple links include a first link on which thefirst station works.

The sending module 1802 is configured to send, on the first link via thefirst station, the radio frame to a second station, where the radioframe includes at least two management frames, the at least twomanagement frames are generated by at least two stations that work ondifferent links in the first multi-link device, and the second stationis one of multiple stations included in a second multi-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the radioframe, refer to descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments.Details are not described herein again.

Optionally, the receiving module 1803 is configured to receive, on thefirst link via the first station, a response frame sent by the secondstation.

The response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, a starting sequencenumber field in the block acknowledgment frame is set to a temporarystarting sequence number, the block acknowledgment frame includes ablock acknowledgment bitmap, and the block acknowledgment bitmap is usedto indicate that the second station starts, from the 1^(st) managementframe, acknowledgment on whether the at least two management frames arecorrectly received.

In another embodiment:

The sending module 1802 is configured to send, on a first link via afirst station, a block acknowledgment BA setup request frame to a secondstation, where the first station is one of multiple stations included ina first multi-link device, and the second station is one of multiplestations included in a second multi-link device. The multiple stationsincluded in the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and themultiple links include the first link on which the first station works.

The BA setup request frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to request to set upa BA protocol.

The receiving module 1803 is configured to receive, on the first linkvia the first station, a BA setup response frame sent by the secondstation, where the BA setup response frame includes the identificationinformation of the at least two links.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the BA setuprequest frame and the BA setup response frame, refer to descriptions inthe foregoing method embodiments. Details are not described hereinagain.

In another embodiment:

The sending module 1802 is configured to send, on a first link via afirst station, an association request frame to a second station, wherethe first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the first station works and asecond link on which another station works.

The association request frame includes request information of the secondlink, and the request information includes an index of the second link,an address of a station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and an identifier of a station corresponding to thesecond link in the second multi-link device.

The receiving module 1803 is configured to receive, on the first linkvia the first station, an association response frame sent by the secondstation, where the association response frame includes responseinformation of the second link. The response information includes theindex of the second link, the address of the station corresponding tothe second link in the first multi-link device, and the identifier ofthe station corresponding to the second link in the second multi-linkdevice.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in theassociation request frame and the association response frame, refer todescriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. Details are notdescribed herein again.

It should be noted that, for implementation of the modules, refer tocorresponding descriptions in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 4,FIG. 11, FIG. 14, and FIG. 16, to perform the methods and the functionsperformed by the first multi-link device in the foregoing embodiments.

FIG. 19 is a diagram of a second multi-link communication apparatusaccording to an embodiment of this application. The second multi-linkcommunication apparatus may be configured to implement any method andfunction related to the second multi-link communication apparatus in anyof the foregoing embodiments. The second multi-link communicationapparatus may include a receiving module 1901 and a sending module 1902.Optionally, the receiving module 1901 and the sending module 1902 may bemodules in the second station, and the receiving module 1901 and thesending module 1902 are respectively corresponding to one basebandcircuit and one radio frequency circuit included in the second station.Detailed descriptions of the modules are as follows.

The receiving module 1901 is configured to receive, on a first link viaa second station, a radio frame sent by a first station, where the firststation is one of multiple stations included in a first multi-linkdevice, and the second station is one of multiple stations included in asecond multi-link device. The multiple stations included in the secondmulti-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple links includethe first link on which the second station works. The radio frameincludes at least two management frames, and the at least two managementframes are generated by at least two stations that work on differentlinks in the first multi-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the radioframe, refer to descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments.Details are not described herein again.

The sending module 1902 is configured to send, on the first link via thesecond station, a response frame to the second station.

The response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, a starting sequencenumber field in the block acknowledgment frame is set to a temporarystarting sequence number, the block acknowledgment frame includes ablock acknowledgment bitmap, and the block acknowledgment bitmap is usedto indicate that the second station starts, from the 1^(st) managementframe, acknowledgment on whether the at least two management frames arecorrectly received.

In another embodiment:

The receiving module 1901 is configured to receive, on a first link viaa second station, a BA setup request frame sent by a first station,where the first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the second multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the second station works.

The BA setup request frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to request to set upa BA protocol.

The sending module 1902 is configured to send, on the first link via thesecond station, a BA setup response frame to the first station, wherethe BA setup response frame includes the identification information ofthe at least two links.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the BA setuprequest frame and the BA setup response frame, refer to descriptions inthe foregoing method embodiments.

Details are not described herein again.

In another embodiment:

The receiving module 1901 is configured to receive, on a first link viaa second station, an association request frame sent by a first station,where the first station is one of multiple stations included in a firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationsincluded in a second multi-link device. The multiple stations includedin the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiplelinks include the first link on which the second station works and asecond link on which another station works.

The association request frame includes request information of the secondlink, and the request information includes an index of the second link,an address of a station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and an identifier of a station corresponding to thesecond link in the second multi-link device.

The sending module 1902 is configured to send, on the first link via thesecond station, an association response frame to the first station,where the association response frame includes response information ofthe second link. The response information includes the index of thesecond link, the address of the station corresponding to the second linkin the first multi-link device, and the identifier of the stationcorresponding to the second link in the second multi-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in theassociation request frame and the association response frame, refer todescriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. Details are notdescribed herein again.

It should be noted that, for implementation of the modules, refer tocorresponding descriptions in the method embodiments shown in FIG. 4,FIG. 11, FIG. 14, and FIG. 16, to perform the methods and the functionsperformed by the second multi-link device in the foregoing embodiments.

FIG. 20 is a diagram of a first multi-link device according to anembodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 20, the firstmulti-link device may include at least one processor 2001, at least onecommunication interface 2002, at least one memory 2003, and at least onecommunication bus 2004.

The processor 2001 may be a central processing unit, a general-purposeprocessor, a digital signal processor, an application-specificintegrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or anotherprogrammable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardwarecomponent, or any combination thereof. The processor 2001 may implementor execute various example logical blocks, modules, and circuitsdescribed with reference to content disclosed in this application.Alternatively, the processor may be a combination of processorsimplementing a computing function, for example, a combination of one ormore microprocessors or a combination of a digital signal processor anda microprocessor. The communication bus 2004 may be a peripheralcomponent interconnect PCI bus, an extended industry standardarchitecture EISA bus, or the like. The bus may be classified into anaddress bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease ofrepresentation, only one thick line is used to represent the bus in FIG.20, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one typeof bus. The communication bus 2004 is configured to implement connectionand communication between the components. The communication interface2002 in the device in this embodiment of this application is configuredto perform signaling or data communication with another node device. Thememory 2003 may include a volatile memory, for example, a nonvolatiledynamic random-access memory (NVRAM), a phase-change random-accessmemory (PRAM), or a magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM). Thememory 2003 may alternatively include a nonvolatile memory, for example,at least one magnetic disk storage device, an electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash storage device such as aNOR flash memory or a NAND flash memory, or a semiconductor device suchas a solid-state drive (SSD). Optionally, the memory 2003 may be atleast one storage apparatus located far away from the processor 2001.Optionally, the memory 2003 may further store a group of program code.Optionally, the processor 2001 may further execute a program stored inthe memory 2003.

In an embodiment, the processor 2001 is configured to perform thefollowing operations:

generating a radio frame via a first station, where the first station isone of multiple stations included in a first multi-link device, where

the multiple stations included in the first multi-link device work onmultiple links, and the multiple links include a first link on which thefirst station works; and

sending, on the first link via the first station, the radio frame to asecond station, where the radio frame includes at least two managementframes, the at least two management frames are generated by at least twostations that work on different links in the first multi-link device,and the second station is one of multiple stations included in a secondmulti-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the radioframe, refer to descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments.Details are not described herein again.

In another embodiment, the processor 2001 is further configured toperform the following operations:

sending, on a first link via a first station, a block acknowledgment BAsetup request frame to a second station, where the first station is oneof multiple stations included in a first multi-link device, the secondstation is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-linkdevice, the multiple stations included in the first multi-link devicework on multiple links, and the multiple links include the first link onwhich the first station works, where

the BA setup request frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to request to set upa BA protocol; and

receiving, on the first link via the first station, a BA setup responseframe sent by the second station, where the BA setup response frameincludes the identification information of the at least two links.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the BA setuprequest frame and the BA setup response frame, refer to descriptions inthe foregoing method embodiments. Details are not described hereinagain.

In another embodiment, the processor 2001 is configured to perform thefollowing operations:

sending, on a first link via a first station, an association requestframe to a second station, where the first station is one of multiplestations included in a first multi-link device, the second station isone of multiple stations included in a second multi-link device, themultiple stations included in the first multi-link device work onmultiple links, and the multiple links include the first link on whichthe first station works and a second link on which another stationworks, where

the association request frame includes request information of the secondlink, and the request information includes an index of the second link,an address of a station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and an identifier of a station corresponding to thesecond link in the second multi-link device; and

receiving, on the first link via the first station, an associationresponse frame sent by the second station, where the associationresponse frame includes response information of the second link. Theresponse information includes the index of the second link, the addressof the station corresponding to the second link in the first multi-linkdevice, and the identifier of the station corresponding to the secondlink in the second multi-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in theassociation request frame and the association response frame, refer todescriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. Details are notdescribed herein again.

Further, the processor may further cooperate with the memory and thecommunication interface to perform operations of the first multi-linkdevice in the foregoing embodiments of this application.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a second multi-link device according to anembodiment of this application. As shown in the figure, the secondmulti-link device may include at least one processor 2101, at least onecommunication interface 2102, at least one memory 2103, and at least onecommunication bus 2104.

The processor 2101 may be processors of various types that are mentionedabove. The communication bus 2104 may be a peripheral componentinterconnect PCI bus, an extended industry standard architecture EISAbus, or the like. The bus may be classified into an address bus, a databus, a control bus, and the like. For ease of representation, only onethick line is used to represent the bus in FIG. 21, but this does notmean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus. Thecommunication bus 2104 is configured to implement connection andcommunication between the components. The communication interface 2102in the device in this embodiment of this application is configured toperform signaling or data communication with another node device. Thememory 2103 may be memories of various types that are mentioned above.Optionally, the memory 2103 may be at least one storage apparatuslocated far away from the processor 2101. The memory 2103 stores a groupof program code, and the processor 2101 executes a program in the memory2103.

In an embodiment, the processor 2101 is configured to perform thefollowing operations: receiving, on a first link via a second station, aradio frame sent by a first station, where the first station is one ofmultiple stations included in a first multi-link device, the secondstation is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-linkdevice, the multiple stations included in the second multi-link devicework on multiple links, the multiple links include the first link onwhich the second station works, the radio frame includes at least twomanagement frames, and the at least two management frames are generatedby at least two stations that work on different links in the firstmulti-link device, where

for content and functions of elements or fields included in the radioframe, refer to descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments, anddetails are not described herein again; and

sending, on the first link via the second station, a response frame tothe second station.

The response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, a starting sequencenumber field in the block acknowledgment frame is set to a temporarystarting sequence number, the block acknowledgment frame includes ablock acknowledgment bitmap, and the block acknowledgment bitmap is usedto indicate that the second station starts, from the 1^(st) managementframe, acknowledgment on whether the at least two management frames arecorrectly received.

In another embodiment, the processor 2101 is further configured toperform the following operations:

receiving, on a first link via a second station, a BA setup requestframe sent by a first station, where the first station is one ofmultiple stations included in a first multi-link device, the secondstation is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-linkdevice, the multiple stations included in the second multi-link devicework on multiple links, and the multiple links include the first link onwhich the second station works, where

the BA setup request frame includes identification information that isof at least two links and that is used to indicate to request to set upa BA protocol; and

sending, on the first link via the second station, a BA setup responseframe to the first station, where the BA setup response frame includesthe identification information of the at least two links.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in the BA setuprequest frame and the BA setup response frame, refer to descriptions inthe foregoing method embodiments. Details are not described hereinagain.

In another embodiment, the processor 2101 is further configured toperform the following operations:

receiving, on a first link via a second station, an association requestframe sent by a first station, where the first station is one ofmultiple stations included in a first multi-link device, the secondstation is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-linkdevice, the multiple stations included in the first multi-link devicework on multiple links, and the multiple links include the first link onwhich the second station works and a second link on which anotherstation works, where

the association request frame includes request information of the secondlink, and the request information includes an index of the second link,an address of a station corresponding to the second link in the firstmulti-link device, and an identifier of a station corresponding to thesecond link in the second multi-link device; and

sending, on the first link via the second station, an associationresponse frame to the first station, where the association responseframe includes response information of the second link. The responseinformation includes the index of the second link, the address of thestation corresponding to the second link in the first multi-link device,and the identifier of the station corresponding to the second link inthe second multi-link device.

For content and functions of elements or fields included in theassociation request frame and the association response frame, refer todescriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. Details are notdescribed herein again.

Further, the processor may further cooperate with the memory and thecommunication interface to perform operations of the second multi-linkdevice in the foregoing embodiments of this application.

An embodiment of this application further provides a chip system. Thechip system includes a processor, configured to support a firstmulti-link device or a second multi-link device to implement functionsin any one of the foregoing embodiments, for example, generating orprocessing data and/or information in the foregoing methods. In anembodiment, the chip system may further include a memory. The memory isconfigured to store program instructions and data that are necessary forthe first multi-link device or the second multi-link device. The chipsystem may include a chip, or may include a chip and another discretecomponent.

An embodiment of this application further provides a processor,configured to be coupled to a memory, and configured to perform anymethod and function related to the first multi-link device or the secondmulti-link device in any one of the foregoing embodiments.

An embodiment of this application further provides a computer programproduct including instructions. When the computer program product runson a computer, the computer performs any method and function related tothe first multi-link device or the second multi-link device in any oneof the foregoing embodiments.

An embodiment of this application further provides an apparatus,configured to perform any method and function related to the firstmulti-link device or the second multi-link device in any one of theforegoing embodiments.

An embodiment of this application further provides a wirelesscommunication system. The system includes at least one first multi-linkdevice and at least one second multi-link device in any one of theforegoing embodiments.

All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by usingsoftware, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When thesoftware is used to implement the embodiments, all or some of theembodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product.The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on acomputer, the procedure or functions according to the embodiments ofthis application are all or partially generated. The computer may be ageneral-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, oranother programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be storedin a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from acomputer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storagemedium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from awebsite, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer,server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, anoptical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (forexample, infrared, radio, or microwave) manner. The computer-readablestorage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer, or adata storage device, such as a server or a data center, integrating oneor more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (forexample, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape), an opticalmedium (for example, a DVD), a semiconductor medium (for example, asolid-state drive (SSD)), or the like.

The objective, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects ofthis application are further described in detail in the foregoingspecific implementations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, orimprovement made without departing from the spirit and principle of thisapplication shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A multi-link communication method, the methodcomprising: generating, by a first station, a radio frame, the firststation being one of multiple stations comprised in a first multi-linkdevice, wherein the multiple stations comprised in the first multi-linkdevice work on multiple links, and the multiple links comprise a firstlink on which the first station works; and sending, on the first link bythe first station, the radio frame to a second station, the radio framecomprising at least two management frames, the at least two managementframes are generated by at least two stations that work on differentlinks in the first multi-link device, and the second station is one ofmultiple stations comprised in a second multi-link device.
 2. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the radio frame comprises at least twopieces of link indication information, one piece of link indicationinformation corresponds to one management frame, and the link indicationinformation indicating a link corresponding to the management frame. 3.The method according to claim 1, wherein the link indication informationis a link information element, the link information element comprisesidentification information of the link corresponding to the managementframe, and the identification information of the link comprises at leastone of a band identifier, a channel number, or an operating class. 4.The method according to claim 2, wherein the link indication informationis a multi-band element, and the multi-band element comprises a bandidentifier, a channel number, and an operating class.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 2, wherein the radio frame comprises at least twocyclic redundancy check fields, one cyclic redundancy check fieldcorresponds to one management frame, and the cyclic redundancy checkfield is used to check correctness of the management frame and the linkindication information.
 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein theradio frame comprises first indication information, and the firstindication information indicating a number of the at least twomanagement frames.
 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the radioframe comprises second indication information, and the second indicationinformation indicating a total length of the at least two managementframes and the at least two pieces of link indication information. 8.The method according to claim 1, wherein when frame types and subtypesof the at least two management frames are the same, the at least twomanagement frames comprise a first management frame and anothermanagement frame other than the first management frame, the firstmanagement frame comprises a first type information element and a secondtype information element, the another management frame comprises thesecond type information element, the first type information elementcarries common information of the at least two management frames, andthe second type information element carries unique information of eachmanagement frame.
 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein oneinformation element comprises an indication field, the indication fieldcomprises a first value or a second value, the first value indicatingthat the information element is the first type information element, andthe second value indicating that the information element is the secondtype information element.
 10. The method according to claim 1, whereinthe radio frame comprises a temporary starting sequence number, and thetemporary starting sequence number indicating a frame sequence of thefirst management frame in the at least two management frames.
 11. Themethod according to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises:receiving, on the first link by the first station, a response frame sentby the second station; wherein the response frame is a blockacknowledgment frame, a starting sequence number field in the blockacknowledgment frame is set to the temporary starting sequence number,the block acknowledgment frame comprises a block acknowledgment bitmap,and the block acknowledgment bitmap indicating that the second stationstarts, from the first management frame, acknowledgment on whether theat least two management frames are correctly received.
 12. The methodaccording to claim 10, wherein the method further comprises: sending, onthe first link by the second station, a response frame to the secondstation; wherein the response frame is a block acknowledgment frame, astarting sequence number field in the block acknowledgment frame is setto the temporary starting sequence number, the block acknowledgmentframe comprises a block acknowledgment bitmap, and the blockacknowledgment bitmap indicating that the second station starts, fromthe first management frame, acknowledgment on whether the at least twomanagement frames are correctly received.
 13. A multi-link communicationmethod, the method comprising: receiving, on a first link by a secondstation, a radio frame sent by a first station, the first stationcomprising one of multiple stations comprised in a first multi-linkdevice, the second station comprising one of multiple stations comprisedin a second multi-link device, the multiple stations comprised in thesecond multi-link device work on multiple links, the multiple linkscomprise the first link on which the second station works, the radioframe comprises at least two management frames, and the at least twomanagement frames are generated by at least two stations that work ondifferent links in the first multi-link device.
 14. A first multi-linkcommunication apparatus, the apparatus comprising: a generation moduleconfigured to generate a radio frame via a first station, the firststation comprising one of multiple stations comprised in a firstmulti-link device, wherein the multiple stations comprised in the firstmulti-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple linkscomprise a first link on which the first station works; and a sendingmodule configured to send, on the first link via the first station, theradio frame to a second station, the radio frame comprising at least twomanagement frames, the at least two management frames are generated byat least two stations that work on different links in the firstmulti-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stationscomprised in a second multi-link device.
 15. The apparatus according toclaim 14, wherein the radio frame comprises at least two pieces of linkindication information, one piece of link indication informationcorresponds to one management frame, and the link indication informationindicating a link corresponding to the management frame.
 16. Theapparatus according to claim 14, wherein the link indication informationis a link information element, the link information element comprisesidentification information of the link corresponding to the managementframe, and the identification information of the link comprises at leastone of a band identifier, a channel number, or an operating class. 17.The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the link indicationinformation is a multi-band element, and the multi-band elementcomprises a band identifier, a channel number, and an operating class.18. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the radio framecomprises at least two cyclic redundancy check fields, one cyclicredundancy check field corresponds to one management frame, and thecyclic redundancy check field is used to check correctness of themanagement frame and the link indication information.
 19. The apparatusaccording to claim 16, wherein the radio frame comprises firstindication information, and the first indication information indicatinga number of the at least two management frames.
 20. The apparatusaccording to claim 16, wherein the radio frame comprises secondindication information, and the second indication information indicatinga total length of the at least two management frames and the at leasttwo pieces of link indication information.